Rules of Tajweed

Introduction
What is tajweed?

It means to pronounce every letter correctly with all its qualities

Almighty Allah Says in the Holy Quran that::

“Recite the Holy Quran slowly and making the letters clear”

BEUTY OF HOLY QURAN

Saying of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) :

Beautify the Holy Quran with your voices, definitely beautiful voices enhance the beauty of the Holy Quran. 

Etiquettes of the Holy Quran

To Make a Wadu/Perform ablution first because Allah loves those who clean themselves

To sit properly / with great respect

Not to talk or play while reading Lesson/Quran.

Before the Recitation of the Holy Quran it is necessary to say:

أَعـوذُ بِاللهِ مِنَ الشَّيْـطانِ الرَّجيـم

بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيْمِ

Arabic Alphabets

ج Jeem	ث Tha/Sa	ت Taa	ب Baa	ا Alif
ر Raa	ذ Zaal	د Daal	خ Khaa	ح Haa
ض Dhowd	ص Sowad	ش Sheen	س Seen	ز Zzaa
ف Faa	غ Ghain	ع Ain	ظ Zua	ط Tua
ن Noon	م Meem	ل Laam	ك Kaaf	ق Qaf
ے Ya	ى Ya	ء Hamza	ه Ha	و Waow

Recognizing the dots

ث Tha/Sa

ت Taa

ب Baa

Pronunciation of letters

Pronounce it softly/smoothly	ث
Pronounce it with thin voice/light	س
Pronounce in normal voice	ت
Pronounce it with heavy sound/bold	ط
Pronounce it with bold/hard voice	ق
Pronounce it with a thin voice	ك
Pronounce it with quick sound/fast	ء
Pronounce it slow/without jerking sound	ع
Pronounce it with stress sound	ز
Pronounce it with bold sound	ص

Similar sound letters

ط	ت
س	ث
ه	ح
ك	ق
ض	د
ز	ذ

Bold letters

 

There are seven  (7) Bold letters
these letters are pronounced with a heavy  and strong voice

ق	غ	ظ	ط	ض	ص	خ
Qaf	Ghain	Zua	Tua	Dhuad	Suad	Khaa

 

In the case of raa

(ر) Raa has  2 Options. It may be bold or light.
when  (ر) Raa has zabbar  and paish sigh  so (ر) Raa will be bold
when (ر) Raa has zair sighn  so (ر) Raa  will become  light

Throatel  letters

There are six (6) Throatel  Letters
these letters are pronounced from three-level of throat

1 Bottom of the Throat: Haa’ ( هـ ), pronounced “hh” and Hamzah ( ء ),

2 middle of throat: Haa’ ( ح ), pronounced “hh“ and  ‘Ayn ( ع ), pronounced ” ‘a “

3 top of the throat: Gyan ( غ ), pronounced “GH”  and Gyan ( غ ), pronounced “gh”

 

Movement of letters

 

تَ  تِ  تُ TO TE TA	بَ  بِ  بُ BO BE BA	اَ   اِ   اُ O  E  A
حَ   حِ   حُ HO HE HA	عَ   عِ   عُ OO EE AA	هً  هِ  هُ HO HE HA
قَ   قِ   قُ QO QE QA	خَ   خِ   خُ KHO KHE KHA	غَ   غِ   غُ GHO GHE GHA
شَ   شِ   شُ SHO SHE SHA	جَ   جِ   جُ JO JE JA	كَ   كِ   كُ KO KE KA
لَ   لِ   لُ LO LE LA	ضَ   ضِ   ضُ DO DE DOA	ىَ   ىِ   ىُ YU YE YA
طَ   طِ   طُ TU TE TOA	رَ   رِ   رُ RO RE RA	نَ   نِ   نُ NU NE NA
سَ   سِ   سُ SO SE SA	صَ   صِ   صُ SO SE SA	دَ   دِ   دُ DO DE DA
ذَ   ذِ   ذُ ZO ZE ZA	ظَ   ظِ   ظُ ZO ZE ZUA	زَ   زِ   زُ ZO ZE ZA
وَ   وِ   وُ WO WE WA	فَ   فِ   فُ FO FE FA	ثَ   ثِ   ثُ SO SE SA
مَ   مِ   مُ MO ME MA

Fathah, Kasra, and Dammah are called Movements/Harkaat.

1:   Fatah is on top of the letters,

2:  Kasrah  is under the letters,

3:Dammah is on top of the letters

Read them fast without stretching them.

 

 

Jazm

1. Another name for jazam is sukoon.
2. A letter with a jazam is called Sakin like Baa with Jazam is called Ba Sakin.
3. A letter which has a jazam will be joined with the letter which is before it.

حَق	اُبْ	اِبْ	اَبْ
يَكُنْ	فَجْرِ	اَهْلِ	زُرْ
شًىْ	اِذْ	اُسْ	اَشْ

 

 

Tanveen

double zabbar  double zair and double pais are called tanveen
double zabbar sound is like (aan)
double zair sound is like (inn)
double zair sound is like (unn)

بً   بٍ   بٌ	اً   اٍ   اٌ
bunn  binn  bann	unn  inn  ann
فاً   فٍ   فٌ funn finn fann	مًا   مٍ   مٌ munn minn mann
جًا   جٍ   جٌ junn jinn jann	كاً   كٍ   كٌ kunn kinn kann
يًا   ىٍ   ىٌ yunn yinn yann	هًا   هٍ   هٌ hunn hinn hann

 

 

Standing Harakat

1:Standing Fathaha

An alif like symbol written on top of a letter is called Standing Fataha

بٰ  =  بٰا

2:Standing Kasra

A standing Kasrah is stretched like a Yaa Maddah.

3:Standing Zamah

Inverted

The Symbol like the ‘English comma’ written upside down, on top of a letter is called inverted Damah (UltaaPaish). it is stretched like a waowmaddah.

Maddah Letters

 

Madd means to stretch. The letter bearing madd is stretched while reading.
There are three Letters of Madd Waaw (و), Alif (ا) and Yaa (ی).

The Maddah Letters have to be prolonged for the duration of one Alif and the duration of one Alif is three seconds.

 

1.Alif maddah

Whenever alif comes after fatha

 

2:Waaw Maddah

Whenever wow sakin comes after dammah
3:Yaa Maddah

Whenever yaa sakin comes after kasra

بِى	بُوا	بَا
Bee	Boo	Baa
تِى	تُوا	تَا
Tee	Too	Taa
فِى	فُوا	فَا
Fee	Foo	Faa
مِى	مُوا	مَا
Mee	Moo	Maa

 

Leen letters

There are two (2) leen letters.  wow leen and yaa leen.
wow leen

 

1. Waaw-e-Leen is WaawSakin which has a Zabar (Fatah) before it.
2. WaawLeen is pronounced quickly in a soft tone.

تَوْ	بَوْ	اَوْ
Two	Bwo	Awo
فَوْ	نَوْ	لَوْ
Fwo	Nwo	Lwo
هَوْ	مَوْ	قَوْ
Hwo	Mwo	Qwo

Yaa  leen

 

Yaa-e-Leen is a YaaSakin which has a Zabar (Fatah) before it Yaa-e-Leen is pronounced fast in a soft tone.

 

تَىْ	بَىْ	اَىْ
Ti	Bi	Ai
مَىْ	زَىْ	دَىْ
Mi	Zi	Di
هَىْ	فَىْ	شَىْ
Hi	Fi	Shi

Hamza

 

1. If an Alif has a Jazam or any Harkat it is called Hamzah.
2. If Jazam is on wow or on any other letter jazam will be read an that letter will be silent.
3. A Hamza on which there is a jazam will be pronounced abruptly/ quickly.

Shadd

 

A letter with shadd is called Mushadad.

This letter is read twice with one movement of the tongue.

It is read by joining the first letter into the Second ,

Reading the first with a sukoon (jazam) and the second one with a harkat.

 

اَبُّ	اَبِّ	اَبَّ
اَبَّ = اَ + بّ + بَ
اَتُّ	اَتِّ	اَتَّ
اَجُّ	اَجِّ	اَجَّ

 

Gunnah

Retaining the sound of meen and noon mushadad for a little while in the nose
causing a ringing  sound , called ghunnah

Example = ثُمَّ، اِنَّ

Qalqalla

Jerking Sound

When any Qalkal Letter is sakin then such, MuteSakin Letter should be recited with repeated voice.

The Letters of Qalkalah are five.

د

ج

ب

ط

ق

 

Silent letters

A letter which is free from any Harkat is called a silent letter. This letter will be written but not read.

MEEM SAAKIN

MEEM SAAKIN is the latter MEEM with a jazm, there are following 3 rules regarding MEEM SAAKIN.

IDGHAM\

If a MEEM appear after MEEM SAAKIN both MEEM will be incorporated and recited with Ghunna.

IKHFA

If after MEEM SAAKIN the latter Baa appears, The MEEM SAAKIN will be pronounced with IKHFA. This IKHFA of MEEM SAAKIN is known as IKHFA-E-SHAFAWEE.

IZHAAR

After MEEM SAAKIN there appears any latter besides MEEM and BAA MEEM SAAKIN will be pronounced with IZHAAR. Without Ghunnah this MEEM SAAKIN is known as IZHAAR-E-SHAFWEE.